Solution of trhee question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Solution of trhee question - Essay Example Separating the roles of chairman and CEO mainly helps in distributing the balance of power and responsibilities. Board is the primary internal control mechanism for aligning the different interests of shareholders and top management. When an individual serves simultaneously as chairman and CEO, the Board’s control over him will be weakened. This does not happen when the roles are separated. The role of Chairman includes managing the business of the Board and monitoring its progress. Non-segregation of duties of Chairman and CEO would reduce the monitoring effectiveness over the management of the company. Opportunistic executives may take advantage of their combined role as Chairman and CEO in order to personally benefit at the expense of the shareholders. The chances of such injustice would reduce to an extent if the roles are separated. Having a single leader instead of two helps promote effective action by the CEO speeding up response to external events faced by the company. Separation of roles could lead to delays in such response. (iv) The main reason for any company to issue its rights shares at a discount is to make the offer relatively attractive to shareholders and encourage them either to take up their rights or sell them so the share issue is â€Å"fully subscribed†. The price discount also acts as a safeguard should the market price of the companys shares fall before the issue is completed. The existing shareholders or purchaser of rights would still be interested in subscribing for the shares so far as the subscription price remains lower than the market price of the shares. A company would prefer to use rights issue as a source of finance because the chances of the shares being fully subscribed under rights issue is higher when compared to shares being freshly issued in the market. A firm can grow in two ways: either by merging with or

Matewan: A 20th-century Form of Feudalism :: Economy Capitalism Freedom Essays

Matewan: A 20th-century Form of Feudalism Matewan, in which the action takes place in the 1920s in West Virginia, gives a clear and realistic picture of the economical situation of the given place and time. This has been a purpose and an idea which the director of the film, John Sales, has paid a particular attention to. The film elucidates a 20th-century conflict between two economical systems: feudalism and capitalism, with feudalism clearly dominating the economical status of the small town of Matewan, in spite of some outer characteristics (such as wages being paid) that imply capitalism. The main feature of capitalism is the free labor market and 'freedom' is the key concept: freedom in choosing an employer; freedom in deciding how and where to work in order to make the most reasonable living. In that sense it is indisputable that capitalism is not the economical process taking place in Matewan. It is very difficult, if not impossible, to live in this small town and not to work for the Stone Mountain Coal Company. It holds monopoly over most of the town, it owns and controls nearly everything: stores, buildings and so on. The miners are being underpaid and overcharged at the same time. Wages have gone down again, workers have to pay monopoly rents; besides, they are getting paid not in dollars but in company scrips that can be used at company stores only. Therefore, the contract the workers have signed with the company, in stead of giving them freedom and rights, puts restrictions on them and their way of life: they do not have the freedom to join in a union; they are not free to choose their employer, either. The working and the living conditions are beyond any criticism and are very far from what is needed in order to lead a normal life. However, this seems to be the only way for people there to make any living at all. The alternative is fleeing away in the mountains with no home and no money whatsoever, which is really not acceptable and can hardly even be considered as an 'alternative' therefore. In that sense, the geographical setting (i.e. the isolation of this small town) indirectly encourages the development of feudal relations in Matewan. The company leaves its workers with no choice and no freedom - a defining characteristic of feudalism, and that reinforces the feudal nature of the economical relations in Matewan.

Business Admin

Describe the sector in which your organization operates. My organization operates In the care sector but I work In the office In the admit and payroll department. 1. 2 Describe your organization mission and purpose London Care provides care support people who live In their own homes . You may be an older person, have a physical disability or impaired hearing or vision or you may have learning disability or mental health needs. This type of service is often referred to as domiciliary care or home care. 1. Compare your organization to other types of organization in your sector My organization is UK largest successful home care, personal assistance and Individual support providers. Our services help people of all ages and abilities to enjoy the benefits of living independently in their homes and local communities. 1. 4 Outline your responsibilities The role of the Administer Is to support the client Care Co-ordination and the Branch Manager In the day to day management of office adminis trative tasks linked to the provision of care support services.It is expected that the Administration Assistant will undertake their tasks in accordance with the Company's policies and procedures. M responsible for a number of duties: Monitoring care worker making sure they arrived carry out task to service user and stay the duration 0 Running of care support worker payroll and resolving any subsequent wage quires. Payroll, electronically paying employees and confirming time sheets. General office administrative duties within Social Care. 0 Ensuring care worker received their Rota on time on a weekly basis 1. Describe how your role fits Into our organization's structure My role is very important I am the first port of call; I am the first person that visitors see on entering our office. I answer the phone deal with pay quires and invoices also help my team with other admit duties 1. 6 Describe how your role contributes to the organization operations organization. It is my roles to e nsure that visitor are taken care of and that I set business image. If I was to treat visitor poorly at the front desk it's likely that they would have a negative image of me.My main role responsibilities as Administrator is to ensure that all care worker are paid each month. I also have to monitor care worker electronically ensure that care has to been carried out. I also have to ensure that timeshares are printed and striated to Care workers in an accurate and timely fashion. Meeting agreed payroll and invoicing deadlines distribute paisleys and gross reports. I also help with typing, archiving, filing, date management and minute taking at meetings. 1. Outlines the policies, procedures, systems and values of organization that is relevant to our role As an employee of this organization, I strive my best to abide by the policies and procedures of my organization Guidelines, procedures and code of practice that relate to my work are very important as each of them gives me critical in formation on how to perform my Job effectively and safely. Guideline: How to answer the phone, dress code, how to handle email, how to store and retrieve information, how to use IT to exchange and store information, how to use office equipment and ensure my own actions to reduce risk to health and safety.Procedures: Reporting of accidents at work, fire drills, reporting absence from work and first aid. Code of practice: Good customer service, quality assurance, freedom of information privacy of personal data 1. 8 Outline who you would consult if unsure about organizational policies, procedures, systems and values If I am unsure about organizational policies, procedures systems and values I would intact my manager. 2. Explain the purpose of working with others people to achieve goals and objectives It is important to keep other people informed about progress because it will help them know the targets already achieved and what they are to achieve . This will help them set up their obj ectives in order to meet their targets. In terms of Business administration I think it is important to keep people informed about progress so that other people can plan priorities their workloads. Is important to keep people informed of where you are.By doing this you can also gain information on timescales, when this work needs to be completed. If you are unable to complete something by the time requested then other people will have to re-priorities their own workloads to fit around you and by keeping people informed of your progress you can show that you are on track with your work 2. 2 Identify situations in which working with others can achieve positive results People can bounce ideas off each other. Working with others can also help with problem solving. Good team work promotes a positive corporate image.Two heads are better than one. T= Together Each A=Achieves M= More 2. 3 Explain the purpose and benefits of agreeing work goals and plans when working with others. Establishing goals and objectives with your employees can help you effectively. When employees have a firm understanding of what is expected of them, they can develop project plans and agendas that will help them manage their work time more efficiently. You will also have tools in place to evaluate employee performance, making changes where necessary to ensure your business functions at optimum levels. . 4 Describe situations in which team members might support each other Team members can be supportive of one another by understanding each other's roles and help each other out when necessary. As part of my admit role I am expansible for the payroll and call monitoring of care workers. I had to train new admit staff who start with the organization in different areas, and I have always been there to support them and advise if any over the phone or personally or via emails 2. Describe ways of providing support to other people in a team Be available to help this is very important, ongoing training t o help them become more effective, also by learning new skills as the nature of their work and of your organization Expect and encourage teamwork be committed to team success and help grow the commitment of others create a team vision and help personalize it, Ochs on relationships and encourage others to do that same If everyone is â€Å"on the same page†, as it were, as to how things should be done – then the product (or service) is consistent, and customers know what to expect.If there is not agreement within the workplace, then the tension will be palpable, and the product or service will be inconsistent, depending on when and who produced it – which will lead to more customer dissatisfaction, when they don't get what they were expecting. 3. 1 Explain the purpose of communicating with other people in a team If you don't communicate you will not know what each person Job role is, we all know he importance of communication in our daily lives without this we wil l not be able to understand each other .If the situation changes (like suddenly someone can't hit the deadline or someone needs help) communication is key to ensure the team plan can be adapted accordingly. Different team-mates often have different areas of expertise or sometimes find out something that is of relevance to one of the other team-members. Communicating with each other about what you need to know and what it is that you know about allows you to pool expertise. . 2 Identify different methods of communication and when they are used Verbal Communication – I constantly use words verbally to pass information to my colleagues to provide information this is either done by telephone or face to face. The person on the receiving end would also need to exercise much caution to ensure that they clearly understand what is being said.This shows that I need to cultivate both my listening and speaking skills, as I would have to carry out both roles in my workplace Written commun ication – Written communication is the medium through which the message of a Sender is conveyed with the help of written words, letters, personal urinals, e-mails ,reports, articles and memos are some forms of written communications. Unlike other forms of communication, written messages can be written communication an indispensable part of informal and formal communication.I can't avoid written communication in my work place its everywhere. Emails, memos, reports and other written documents are all part of my everyday work life. Email is a life saver for me, If I want to say something confidential and not able to speak verbally over the phone, email is a great way to get my point across to the receiver, emails should be brief and to the point. Non -Verbal plays a large role in the way I communicate with others.Unless you're sign language, however, you probably don't want to rely on it as your sole means of communication. You have to be aware of it in the work place when speak ing to employees as this can give out the wrong signals. Your gestures, eye contact and movement and the way you stand and sit all convey a message to the person you are communicating with. Use gestures appropriately, or leave your hands at your side. Don't fidget, which is distracting, and avoid crossing your arms, which sends off appearance of being angry or closed off.Always look the errors you are speaking to in the eye and don't roll your eyes or stare while they talk. 4. 1 Explain the purpose of recognizing the strengths of other The purpose of recognizing the strengths of other So that you can work as a team, knowing each other's abilities, you will be able to decide who is best at doing different things. You know who to go to if there is a problem. Show praise and respect make the person feel good. Watch and learn. Get best out of you and the team 4. Explain the values of diversity within teams Values of diversity within a team refers to the availability of different kinds o f people n one team, increased diversity come new ideas If people are very similar to each other and their way of working then the presentation or result of their task may not be as clear, strong, convincing to others or thoroughly thought out as they could be as many of the ideas, expressions and methods of presentation will be taken as accepted to the group without sufficient exploration of different possibilities. . 3 Explain the purpose of respecting individuals working with a team that their work or way of working is appreciated. Also respect makes people feel allude at work and it can make the team and atmosphere a lot better place to be in. When individuals are respected they work harder within the team to achieves work goals or task more than they felt respect or appreciation wasn't there.Respecting people and their work is beneficial to you because knowing that their work is respected allows them to want to help you and know that it's appreciated and that its making a diffe rence, it can also help with their confidence and input into team work Respect most of them will respect you back 5. 1 Describe the types of problems and disagreements that occur when working with there people in a team. Staff not being trained and one staff have to do everything which will have a delay and affect in the workplace. Staff call in sick there is no other staff able to cover.Someone not keeping you informed on task for example my manager not keeping me informed; she assumes I am a mind reader. Someone not doing task right so you will have to wait for them to finish it again, one of the problems that incurs is you not getting t complete your task on time because of them. Emergency unplanned work if you have tasks deadlines can be moved then make sure they are and concentrate on emergency task. . 2 Describe ways of dealing with problems disagreements when working with other people in a team.

H.D. or Hilda Doolittle - Imagist Poet, Translator

Hilda Doolittle (September 10, 1886–September 27 [or 28], 1961), also known as H.D., was a poet, author, translator, and memoirist known for her early poetry, which helped bring in the modern style of poetry and for her translations from the Greek. Early Years Hilda Doolittle was the only surviving girl in her family, with three brothers and two older half-brothers. She was born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. Hildas father, Charles Leander Doolittle, came from New England ancestry. At the time of Hildas birth, he was the directory of Sayre Observatory and a professor of mathematics and astronomy at Lehigh University. Her father was quite supportive of her education; he thought she could become a scientist or mathematician, but she did not take to math. She wanted to be an artist like her mother, but her father ruled out art school. Charles Leander was rather cool, detached, and uncommunicative. Hildas mother Helen was a warm personality, in contrast to Hildas father, though she favored her son, Gilbert, over the other children. Her ancestry was Moravian. Her father had been a biologist and directory of the Moravian Seminary. Helen taught painting and music to children. Hilda saw her mother as losing her own identity to support her husband. Hilda Doolittles earliest years were spent living in her mothers familys Moravian community. In about 1895, Charles Doolittle became a professor at the University of Pennsylvania and a director of the Flower Observatory. Hilda attended the Gordon School, then the Friends Preparatory School. Early Writing and Loves When Hilda Doolittle was 15, she met Ezra Pound, a 16-year-old freshman at the University of Pennsylvania where her father was teaching. The next year, Pound introduced her to William Carlos Williams, then a medical student. Hilda enrolled at Bryn Mawr, a womens university, in 1904. Marianne Moore was a classmate. By 1905, Hilda Doolittle was composing poems. She continued her friendships with Pound and Williams. Despite her fathers opposition, she became engaged to Ezra Pound and the couple had to meet secretly. During her sophomore year, Hilda left school, for health reasons and her poor results in math and English. She turned to self-study of Greek and Latin, and she began writing for Philadelphia and New York papers, often submitting stories for children. Not much is known of her time between 1906 and 1911. In 1908, Ezra Pound moved to Europe. Hilda was living in New York in 1910, writing her first free verse poems. Around 1910, Hilda met and became involved with Frances Josepha Gregg, who had had an affair with Pound. Hilda found herself torn between the two. In 1911, Hilda toured Europe with Frances Gregg and Frances mother. She met there with Pound, whom she discovered was unofficially engaged to Dorothy Shakespear, making it clear to Hilda that her engagement to Pound was over. Hilda chose to remain in Europe. Her parents tried to get her to return home, but when she made clear that she was staying, they provided her with financial support. Gregg returned to America when Hilda stayed, to Hildas disappointment. In London, Doolittle moved in the literary circle of Ezra Pound. This group included such luminaries as W. B. Yeats and May Sinclair. She met Richard Aldington there, an Englishman and poet, six years younger than she was. Hilda received a letter from Gregg in 1911: Gregg had married and wanted Hilda to join her honeymoon trip to Paris. Pound convinced Hilda not to go. Gregg and Doolittle continued to write to each other occasionally until 1939. Hilda went to Paris in December of 1911 with Aldington, then to Italy with her visiting parents. Pound met her several times during these travels. She was back in London in 1912. Imagist Poet - and Chaotic Private Life At one meeting, Pound declared Hilda Doolittle to be an Imagist, and wanted her to sign her poems H.D. Imagist. She took up his insistent suggestion. She was known professionally after that as H.D. In October of 1913, H.D. and Aldington married, her parents and Ezra Pound among the guests. In 1914, Pound and Shakespears engagement became official when her father finally agreed to the marriage, which took place that year. Pound and his new wife moved into a flat in the same building as H.D. and Aldington. H.D. contributed to the 1914 publication, Des Imagistes, the first anthology of Imagist poetry. In publishing her poems in Poetry, H.D. began to have an influence on others. Amy Lowell, for instance, reacted to H.D.s published poems by declaring herself an Imagist as well. A poem first published in 1914 is often considered the prototypical Imagist poem, with spare language evoking images: OreadWhirl up, seaWhirl your pointed pines,Splash your great pineson our rockshurl your green over uscover us with your pools of fir. In 1915, H.D. published her first book of poems, Sea Garden. She also had a miscarriage that year. She blamed it on hearing about the sinking of the Lusitania. Her doctors told her to refrain from sex for the duration of the war. Richard had an affair with H.D.s friend Brigit Patmore, and then a more serious affair with Dorothy (Arabella) Yorke. Aldington enlisted to fight in World War I in 1916, hoping by enlisting to avoid being drafted. While he was away, H.D. took his place as literary editor of the Egoist, the main imagist publication. H.D. was also working on translations, and in 1916 published her translation of Choruses from Iphegenia in Aulis,, which was published by Egoist Press. Her health poor, H.D. resigned as the Egoists editor in 1917, and T.S. Eliot succeeded her in that position. D.H. Lawrence had become a friend, and one of his friends, Cecil Gray, a music historian, became involved with H.D. Then D.H. Lawrence and his wife came to stay with H.D. H.D. and Lawrence apparently came very close to having an affair, but her affair with Gray led to Lawrence and his wife leaving. Psychic Death In 1918, H.D. was devastated by the news that her brother, Gilbert, had died in action in France. Their father had a stroke when he learned of his sons death. H.D. became pregnant, apparently by Gray, and Aldington promised to be there for her and the child. The next March, H.D. received word that her father had died. She later called this month her psychic death. H.D. became seriously ill with influenza, which progressed to pneumonia. For a time, it was thought that she was going to die. Her daughter was born. Aldington forbid her using his name for the child, and left her for Dorothy Yorke. H.D. named her daughter Frances Perdita Aldington, and the daughter was known by that sad name, Perdita. Bryher The next period of her H.D.s life was relatively more calm and productive. In July of 1918, H.D. met Winifred Ellerman, a wealthy woman who became her benefactor and her lover. Ellerman had renamed herself Bryher. They went to Greece in 1920, and then to America together in 1920 and 1921. Among their stays were New York and Hollywood. While in the U.S., Bryher married Robert McAlmon, a marriage of convenience which freed Bryher from parental control. H.D. published her second book of poems in 1921, called Hymen. The poems featured many female figures from mythology as narrators, including Hymen, Demeter,  and Circe. H.D.s mother joined Bryher and H.D. on a trip to Greece in 1922, including a visit to the island of Lesbos, known as the home of the poet Sappho. The next year they went on to Egypt, where they were present at the opening of King Tuts tomb. Later that year, H.D. and Bryher moved to Switzerland, into houses near each other. H.D. found more peace for her writing. She kept her apartment in London for many years, splitting her time between homes. The next year, H.D. published Heliodora, and in 1925,  Collected Poems. The latter marked both the recognition of her work, and a kind of ending of the main phase of her poetry career. Kenneth MacPherson Through Frances Gregg, H.D. met Kenneth Macpherson. H.D. and Macpherson had an affair beginning in 1926. Bryher divorced Robert McAlmon and then married Macpherson. Some speculate that the marriage was cover to prevent Aldington from protesting the use of his name for H.D.s daughter, Perdita. Macpherson adopted Perdita in 1928, the same year H.D. had an abortion while staying in Berlin. H.D. briefly reconciled with Aldington in 1929. The three founded a film group, the Pool Group. For that group, Macpherson directed three movies; H.D. starred in them: Wing Beat in 1927, Foothills in 1928, and Borderline in 1930 (with Paul Robeson). The three also traveled together. Macpherson drifted off eventually, more interested in affairs with men. More Writing From 1927 to 1931, in addition to taking up some acting, H.D. wrote for the avant-garde cinema journal Close Up, which she, Macpherson, and Bryher founded, with Bryher financing the project. H.D. published her first novel, Palimpsest, in 1926, featuring women expatriates with careers, searching for their identity and love. In 1927, she published a prose play Hippolytus Temporizes and in 1928, both a second novel, Hedylus set in ancient Greece, and Narthax, asking whether love and art are compatible for women. In 1929 she published more poems. Psychoanalysis Bryher met Sigmund Freud in 1937 and began analysis with his disciple Hanns Sachs in 1928. H.D. began analysis with Mary Chadwick, and in 1931 through 1933, with Sachs. She was referred by him to Sigmund Freud. H.D. came to see in this psychoanalytic work a way to link myths as universal understandings of union, to mystic visions shed experienced. In 1939, she began writing Tribute to Freud about her experiences with him. War and Shadows of War Bryher became involved with rescuing refugees from the Nazis between 1923 and 1928, helping more than 100, mostly Jews, escape. H.D. also took an anti-fascist stand. Over this, she broke with Pound, who was pro-fascist, even promoting investment in Mussolinis Italy. H.D. published The Hedgehog, a childrens story, in 1936, and the next year published a translation of Ion by Euripides. She finally divorced Aldington in 1938, the year she also received the Levinson Prize for Poetry. H.D. returned to Britain when war broke out. Bryher returned after Germany invaded France. They spent the war mostly in London. In the war years, H.D. produced three volumes of poetry: The Walls Do Not Fall in 1944, Tribute to the Angels in 1945, and Flowering of the Rod in 1946. These three, a war trilogy, were reprinted in 1973 as one volume. They were not nearly as popular as her earlier work. Was H.D. a Lesbian? H.D., Hilda Doolittle, has been claimed as a lesbian poet and novelist. She was likely more accurately called a bisexual. She wrote an essay called The Wise Sappho and a number of poems with Sapphic references—at a time when Sappho was identified with lesbianism. Freud named her the perfect bi- Later Life H.D. began to have occult experiences and write more mystical poetry. Her involvement in the occult caused a split with Bryher, and after H.D. had a breakdown in 1945 and retreated to Switzerland, they lived apart though they remained in regular communication. Perdita moved to the United States, where she married in 1949 and had four children. H.D. visited America twice, in 1956 and 1960, to visit her grandchildren. H.D. renewed contact with Pound, with whom she corresponded often. H.D. published Avon River in 1949. More awards came H.D.s way in the 1950s, as her role in American poetry was recognized. In 1960, she won the poetry award from the American Academy of Arts and Letters. In 1956, H.D. broke her hip, and recovered in Switzerland. She published a collection, Selected Poems, in 1957, and in 1960 a roman a clef about life around World War I—including the end of her marriage—as Bid Me to Live. She moved to a nursing home in 1960 after her last visit to America. Still productive, she published in 1961 Helen in Egypt from the perspective of Helen as protagonist and wrote 13 poems that were published in 1972 as Hermetic Definition. She had a stroke in June of 1961 and died, still in Switzerland, on September 27. The year 2000 saw the first publication of her work, Pilates Wife, with the wife of Pontius Pilate, whom H.D. named Veronica, as protagonist.

Nursing School - 596 Words

When we look up the word nurse in the dictionary, we will read something like somebody who cares for a sick person. Thinking about it seems easy; however, I believe that there is more into nursing than that simple definition. Being a nurse is a very influential and rewarding profession. Nurses care for people through illness, injury, pain, loss, dying, grieving, birth, growth, aging and health. They not only care for people through illness, but they also promote health, prevent diseases and educate the public. We all know that nursing is a field that is concerned with helping people, yet I believe that in becoming a nurse, a person needs more than that desire to succeed. It is essential for a nurse to be open, strong, determined,†¦show more content†¦Her stories from the hospital just inspired me and made me realize that nursing is truly for me. She says that the feeling of giving yourself to a complete stranger in their greatest time of need is like no other feeling on earth. I truly believe that I am suited to become a nurse. I am honest and open to communication, and these are also important traits that a nurse needs. Nurses are the main communication link between the patient and the doctor. They also often interact with family members by being empathetic to their loved ones illness. Personally, having the opportunity to impact someone everyday is very powerful. The words I use, my actions, and my attitude can help another human being to heal and that is something that I will remember all throughout my life. Nursing is one of the few careers that does not only help others but it also helps yourself. It is a profession that is exciting, ever changing, diverse, and allows opportunity for learning something new everyday. The work is tough but in the end of the day, I will say that this is that path that I chose and I am proud of it, then I will remember that feeling of helping a complete stranger and at that moment, I will feelShow MoreRelatedPreparing For A Nursing School917 Words   |  4 Pages Preparing for nursing school could be very stressful. I want to make sure that I am preparing for nursing school in every way. Taking Nursing School Success course has educated me on several different areas that are important to succeed nursing school. Making sure that I am organized and prepared for class early are two tasks out of several that are important as I major in nursing. I have a few weaknesses when it comes to school. One of my weaknesses is nervousness. I tend to get nervous when it’sRead MoreEvaluation Of A School Nursing1713 Words   |  7 PagesSchool nursing is one of the best resources a student can have in the school environment. Students can receive needed care by the nurse throughout the school year. The school nurse is at times, the first health care professional a student sees while ill at school. Though having a school nursing is beneficial for students, the workload of managing the nurse’s office and students visiting, can become difficult to handle. At Harding Middle School, the workload becomes stressful and inhibits the completionRead MoreThe Expectations Of Nursing School1217 Words   |  5 PagesExpectations in Nursing School Expectations are defined as something that you believe will happen to you. Before nursing school, I had several expectations. Some of these expectations have shown to be very true while adapting to this new lifestyle. Other expectations have fallen to the waist side and soon were forgotten. At the time, they seemed to be very real. I expected to study, study, and study some more. I wanted the program to be challenging and prepare me to be a nurse. 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Comparison of Two Personal Narratives - 1264 Words

The concept of social stratification is one that can be witnessed universally across all societies, irrespective of geography and culture. Every society has several layers of social strata and each individual falls into at least one of these categories. The determinants of social class are often variable but include factors such as power, wealth, education, religion, culture and ethnicity (Victorian web, 2002). Inevitably when there is a system of social classification, there will be some friction between people of different classes whereby people of a higher social standing mistreat those who are beneath them. Broadly speaking literature consists of compositions that tell stories, dramatize situations, express emotions and analyze and†¦show more content†¦However one thing worth noting is that Cofer’s essay is based on immediate recollection of her experiences, as a Hispanic woman who is often the victim of sexual harassment and advances by American men. The underl ying grievance in this case is that the populace perceives the protagonist in a degrading manner. In contrast the issue described by Johnson are fundamentally of a more serious nature, whereby the social system is designed to greatly favor Caucasian individuals over ethnic minorities. There is no effort at an institutional level to clamp down on this racism and the practice was very much part and parcel of American society at the time. Ultimately both these authors experienced tumultuous circumstances and were often so close to the situation that there is a chance that they’re strong emotions and feelings at the time led to a certain degree of exaggeration and biasness in their writing. Both authors use their personal experience to great effect in their essays allowing the reader to experience from a first person point of view the humiliation and indignation that Cofer and Johnson suffered. In an excerpt the Myth of the Latin Women Cofer writes, â€Å" The boy said I thought you Latin girls matured early†(Cofer, 205). This line reflects the cultural clash between that Cofer experiences when she moves to theShow MoreRelatedThe Development of Identity1419 Words   |  6 Pagesconcept relates back to two assumptions based on identity. â€Å"Identity† is currently used in two concurrent senses, one of which is â€Å"personal† and the other â€Å"social† (Schà ¶pflin). In the first aspect of identity, an individual’s identity is some distinctive trait, or a fixed category, that that person views as socially significant but more-or-less unchangeable. In other words, an identity is given to you. 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Group Discussion Free Essays

string(34) " knowledge and leadership skills\." Introduction Discussions of any sort are supposed to help us develop a better perspective on issues by bringing out diverse view points. Whenever we exchange differing views on an issue,we get a clearer picture of the problem and are able to understand it. The understanding makes us better equipped to deal with the problem. We will write a custom essay sample on Group Discussion or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is precisely the main purpose of a discussion. The dictionary meaning of the word Group Discussion is to talk about a subject in detail. So,group discussion may refer to a communicative situation that allows its participants to express views and opinions and share with other participants. It is a systematic oral exchange of information,views and opinions about a topic,issue,problem or situation among members of a group who share certain common objectives. G D is essentially an interactive oral process. The group members need to listen to each other and use voice and gesture effectively,use clear language and persuasive style. GD is structured: the exchange of ideas in a GD takes place in a systematic and structured way. Each of the participants gets an opportunity to express his/her views and comments on the views expressed by other members of the group. GD involves a lot of group dynamics, that is, it involves both -person to person as well as group to group interactions. every group member has to develop a goal oriented or group oriented interaction. A participant needs to be aware of needs of other group members and overall objectives of the discussion. Definition: Group discussion may be defined as – a form of systematic and purposeful oral process characterized by the formal and structured exchange of views on a particular topic,issue,problem or situation for developing information and understanding essential for decision making or problem solving. Group Discussion and Other forms of Oral Communication There are several types of oral group communication. In Public Speaking,the speaker is evaluated by the audience;however there is not much interaction between audience and speaker. Audience,for the most part would only listen to the speaker. In the interview,a panel of members would assess the candidate for the requirement of selection or promotion etc. In meetings,there are discussions on issues mentioned in the agenda. Meetings may have multiple agenda. A chairperson conducts the meeting and controls and concludes the deliberations.. Group Discussion differs from debate in nature,approach and procedure. Debates include representation of two contrasting viewpoints while GD can include multiple views. A GD may help achieve group goals as well as individual needs. The examiner observes the personality traits of several candidates who participate in the G. D. Importance of Group Discussion skills A Group Discussion helps problem solving , decision making and personality assessment. Whether one is a student, a job seeker ,a professional engineer or a company executive one needs effective GD skills. Students need to participate in academic discussions, meetings, classroom sessions or selection GDs for admission to professional courses. A job-seeker may be required to face selection GDs as part of the selection process. Professionals have to participate in different meetings at the workplace . In all these situations, an ability to make a significant contribution to group deliberation and helping the group in the process of decision making is required. The importance of GD has increased in recent times due to its increasing role as an effective tool in a)problem solving b)decision making c)personality assessment. In any situation of problem, the perceptions of different people are discussed, possible solutions are suggested. The best option is chosen by the group. While taking a decision, the matter is discussed, analysed, interpreted and evaluated. While using GD as a tool for personality assessment, a topic-a problem, an opinion or a case – is given to the group consisting of eight to ten members seated in a circle. The total time given for discussion is usually 30 minutes. Each candidate is expected to voice his opinion and offer counter arguments. The selection committee evaluates the candidates on the basis of their personality,knowledge,communication skills and leadership skills. Hence it is important to be able to take part in the GD effectively and confidently. Participants should know how to persuade their group members, how to reflect leadership qualities and how to make the group achieve its goal. Characteristics Of Successful Group Discussion For any group discussion to be successful,acheiving group goal is essential. Following characteristics are necessary: Having a clear objective: The participants need to know the purpose of group discussion so that they can concentrate during the discussion and contribute to achieving the group goal. An effective GD typically begins with a purpose stated by the initiator. Motivated Interaction: When there is a good level of motivation among the members, they learn to subordinate the personal interests to the group interest and the discussions are more fruitful. Logical Presentation: Participants decide how they will organise the presentation of individual views, how an exchange of the views will take place, and how they will reach a group consensus. If the mode of interaction is not decided, few of the members in the group may dominate the discussion and thus will make the entire process meaningless. Cordial Atmosphere: Development of a cooperative, friendly, and cordial atmosphere avoid the confrontation between the group members. Effective Communication skills: The success of a GD depends on an effective use of communication techniques. Like any other oral communication, clear pronounciation, simple language, right pitch are the pre-requisites of a GD. Non-verbal communication has to be paid attention to since means like body language convey a lot in any communication. Participation by all candidates: When all the members participate,the GD becomes effective. Members need to encourage each other in the GD. Leadership Skills: Qualities like initiation, logical presentation, encouraging all the group members to participate,summarizing the discussion reflect the leadership qualities. Evaluation in a GD In any kind of GD, the aim is to judge the participants based on personality,knowledge,communicative ability to present the knowledge and leadership skills. You read "Group Discussion" in category "Essay examples" Today team players are considered more important than individual contributors. Hence the potential to be a leader is evaluated and also ability to work in a team is tested. The evaluators generally assess the oral competence of a candidate in terms of team listening, appropriate language, clarity of expression, positive speech attitudes and adjustments, clear articulation, and effective non-verbal communication. Personality: Even before one starts communicating,impression is created by the appearance,the body language,eye-contact,mannerisms used etc. The attire of a participant creates an impression,hence it is essential to be dressed appropriately. The hairstyle also needs to suit the occassion. Other accessories also have to be suitable for the occasion. The facial expression helps to convey attitudes like optimism,self-confidence and friendliness. The body language, a non-verbal communication skill gives important cues to personality assessment. It includes the posture of a person, the eye-contact and overall manner in which one moves and acts. In the entire participation in the GD,the body language has an important role in the impact created. As non-verbal cues such as eye contact, body movements, gestures, facial expressions, and so on can speak louder than words, examiners closely watch the non-verbal behaviour of candidates. They generally evaluate the body language cues of candidates to determine personality factors such as nervousness, cooperation, frustration, weakness, insecurity, self-confidence, defensiveness, and so forth. So, it is important to be careful while using non-verbal messages. However, one should recognise the power of non-verbal messages and use them effectively. Content: Content is a combination of knowledge and ability to create coherent, logical arguments on the basis of that knowledge. Also a balanced response is what is expected and not an emotional response. In a group discussion, greater the knowledge of the subject more confident and enthusiastic would be the participation. Participants need to have a fair amount of knowledge on a wide range of subjects. The discussion of the subject must be relevant, rational, convincing and appealing to the listeners. One needs to keep abreast with national and international news, political, scientific, economic, cultural events, key newsmakers etc. This has to be supplemented by one’s own personal reasoning and analysis. People with depth and range of knowledge are always preferred by dynamic companies and organisations. The topics for GD tests may include interesting and relevant ideas pertaining to social, economic, political or environmental problems; controversial issues,innovations or case studies. To read daily newspapers, relevant magazines and periodicals, to watch news bulletins and informative programmes on television are is a simple ways to gather the general knowledge. One can use the Internet to improve one’s knowledge about recent developments in different areas. Internet is a valuable source to acquire information along with mulitimedia form. Subject knowledge also includes the ability to analyse facts or information in a systematic way and to place them in the context of the framework of one’s personal experiences. For the expertise in the GD, the only way is to practice wherever one can. The other members can evaluate the performance and give suggestions. Communication Skills: First and foremost feature of communication skills is that it is a two way process. Hence the communicator has to keep in mind the listeners and their expectations. The participants need to observe the group dynamics. Since GD tests one’s behavior as well as one’s influence on the group, formal language and mutual respect are obvious requirements. One may not take strong views in the beginning itself but wait and analyse the pros and cons of any situation. If one needs to disagree, learn to do so politely. One can directly put forward the personal viewpoint also. One may appreciate the good points made by others;can make a positive contribution by agreeing to and expanding an argument made by another participant. An idea can be appreciated only when expressed effectively. A leader or an administrator has the ability to put across the idea in an influential manner. Hence the participants in a group discussion must possess not only subject knowledge but also the ability to present that knowledge in an effective way. Since oral skills are used to put across the ideas, the ability to speak onfidently and convincingly makes a participant an impressive speaker. The members of the selection committee closely evaluate the oral communication skills of the candidates. The effective communication would imply use of correct grammar and vocabulary, using the right pitch, good voice quality, clear articulation, logical presentation of the ideas and above all, a positive attitude. It is expected that there are no errors of grammar or usage and that appropriate words, phrases etc. are used. One should try to use simple and specific language. One should avoid ornamental language. Clarity of expression is one of the important criteria of communication. When there is clarity of thinking, there is clarity in usage of language. Positive Speech Attitudes is another criterion of evaluation in the GD whereby the participant’s attitude towards listeners including other group members is judged. The temperament of the participant is also evaluated through the speech pattern. Listening Skills: Lack of active listening is often a reason for failure of communication. In the GD, participants often forget that it is a group activity and not a solo performance as in elocution. By participating as an active listener, he/she may be able to contribute significantly to the group deliberations. The listening skills are closely linked to the leadership skills as well. Leadership Skills: The success of any group depends to a large extent upon the leader. One of the common misconceptions about leadership is that the leader is the one who controls the group. There are different approaches to the concept of leadership. By studying the personality traits of great leaders or actual dimensions of behavior to identify leadership one can learn to cultivate essential traits of leaders. In a GD, a participant with more knowledge, one who is confident,one who can find some solution to the problem and display initiative and responsibility will be identified as the leader. A candidate’s success in a GD test will depend not only on his/her subject knowledge and oral skills but also on his/her ability to provide leadership to the group. Adaptability, analysis, assertiveness, composure, self-confidence, decision making, discretion, initiative, objectivity, patience, and persuasiveness are some of the leadership skills that are useful in proving oneself as a natural leader in a GD. The leader in a group discussion should be able to manage the group despite differences of opinion and steer the discussion to a logical conclusion within the fixed time limit. The examiners will assess whether each participant is a team player who can get along with people or an individualist who is always fighting to save his/her ego. Employers today look for candidates who can work in a team-oriented environment. GD participants need a number of team management skills in order to function effectively in a team. Some of the skills needed to manage a group effectively include adaptability, positive attitude, cooperation, and coordination. In a selection GD, the group, which may consist of six to ten persons, is given a topic to discuss within 30 to 45 minutes. After announcing the topic, the total GD time, and explaining the general guidelines and procedures governing the GD, the examiner withdraws to the background leaving the group completely free to carry on with the discussion on its own without any outside interference. In the absence of a designated leader to initiate the proceedings of the discussion, the group is likely to waste time in cross talks, low-key conversations, cross-consultations, asides, and so on. The confusion may last until someone in the group takes an assertive position and restores the chaos into order. It could be any candidate. In order to get the GD started, the assertive, natural leader will have to remind the group of its goal and request them to start the discussion without wasting time. A few examples of the opening lines are given below: †¢ Well friends, may I request your kind attention? I am sure all of us are keen to begin the GD and complete it within the allotted time. Let me remind you that we have only thirty minutes to complete the task. So, let us get started. My dear friends, may I have your attention please? As you all know, we have to complete the discussion in 45 minutes and we have already used up five minutes. I think we should start the discussion now. Hello everybody. I am sorry to interrupt but I have something very important to say. We are here to discuss the topic — † Human cloning should be banned. â€Å"—and the time given to us is just 30 minutes. Let us begin, shall we? Leadership functions during a GD include initiative,analysis,assertiveness and so on. GD doesnot have a formal leader, hence one of the participants is xpected to take the initiative. The leader will promote positive group interactions; point out areas of agreement and disagreement;. help keep the discussion on the right track and lead the discussion to a positive and successful conclusion within the stipulated time. The ability to analyse a situation is a quality of leadership. Analytical skills and objectivity in expressing opinions are absolute requirements for leadership. With patience and composure one can develop the analytical skills. Reaching consensus by considering the group opinion will make the GD successful. Assertiveness, that is an ability to bring order to the group by handling the conflict is another desirable quality of leadership. Self confidence is a quality which helps win the agreement from other participants. In GD, participants can make a favourable and forceful impact on the group by being persuasive and convincing. In order to be persuasive, one has to advance strong, convincing, and logical arguments properly supported by factual data and forceful illustrations. A firm tone and a sober voice would also help in establishing oneself. A leader’s ability to convince others and make them accept his/her views and suggestions will establish his/her credentials for leadership. Leaders are charactrerised by a high level of motivation and can motivate others too. A person with motivation can work hard to do the best job possible and can achieve targets. Team Management skills are important for a leader to manage the members of varied interests. Some of the skills needed to manage a group effectively include adaptability, positive attitude, cooperation, and coordination. Try this quiz How to cite Group Discussion, Essay examples